Attachment Theory

Attachment theory is the identification of four primary attachment styles: secure, dismissing, preoccupied, and fearful. These styles represent distinct patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors exhibited in close relationships.

This model of work arose from experiments conducted by Mary Ainsworth on a child's interaction with their caregiver.

Categorising your attachment style into one of the 4 main domains allows you and your therapist to work out how you act in relationships with others in your life.

Your attachment style can change through therapy.

It is not fixed.

The 4 types of attachment:

Secure attachment tends to be associated with a positive view of self and others

Insecure attachment styles are often linked to negative self-perceptions and challenges in forming and maintaining relationships

Dismissing (Avoidant) attachment is often characterized by  self-reliance and a preference for avoiding close emotional connections

Individuals with dismissing attachment styles may thus tend to downplay the significance of relationships and could exhibit a dismissive attitude towards vulnerability and emotional needs.

Preoccupied (Anxious)  attachment is commonly characterized by a notable desire for closeness and validation from others.

Fearful / disorganised attachment can develop when a child's caregivers become a source of fear.